GENERAL QUESTIONS ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (TOPIC: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DISEASES )

 

SET:2025: S&T:02 for GS PAPER 

CIVIL SERVICES (Prelims), 2026 

Science and Technology 

{ Prepared on 12 .09.2025 } 

For Study purpose only 

NB:for any doubt clarification please refer to the prescribed text books

GENERAL QUESTIONS ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 

TOPIC:  ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 

Sl. No.	Disease	Pathogen responsible	Animals affected	Main symptoms
1	Foot and Mouth disease	Virus	Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep and  Goats	Running sores in mouth and between the toes; Reduced milk flow and loss of body weight
2	Rinder Pest (Cattle plague)	Virus	Cattle, Sheep and  Goats	Fever, ulcers in the mucous membrane of alimentary tract causing severe diarrhoea
3	Blue tongue	Virus (transmitted by mosquitoes)	Cattle, Sheep	High temperature (104 degrees F to 108 degrees F) Cyanosis (blue appearance) and swelling of the tongue
4	Cow pox (Vaccinia)	Vaccinia  Virus	Cattle	Eruption of papules and pustules on the udder and teats
5	Ranikhet disease (New castle disease)	Virus	Chickens and other domestic and wild birds	Loss of appetite, diarrhoea and respiratory symptoms and finally paralysis
6	Fowl pox	Virus	Chickens and other birds	Eyes, nose and mouth covered by a yellow cheese-like discharge
7	Tuberculosis	Bacteria (Transmitted by infected milk and milk products)	Cattle	Lung - intermittent or continuous fever with dry husky cough, general emaciation, intestine - Persistent diarrhoea. Udder glands enlarged, milk rendered thin and watery
8	Anthrax  (Splenic fever)	Anthrax bacillus	Cattle	Fever,Vesicles on the skin, swelling on body and neck, reduction in milk  secretion
9	Black quarter (back leg)	Bacteria Clostridium chauvoci	Cattle and Sheep	Fever and usually crepitant swelling of the infected muscle
10	Johne’s disease	Baccilus para- tuberculosis	Cattle	Chronic dysentery
11	Foot rot	Bacteria Fusiformis nodosus	Sheep	A suppurative infection between the horn and the sensitive corium of the hoof of sheep causing lameness
12	Fowl typhoid	Salmonella gallinarrum	Chicken and other domesticated birds	Contagious scepticaemia disease
13	Ring worm	Fungus:  Microsporon, Trichophyton	Cattle Sheep Goat	Ring-shaped surfy patches on the skin and head
14	Snoring disease	Trematode (Fluke) schistosoma nasale	Cattle	Cauliflower like growth on nasal septum
15	Liver rot	Liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica	Cattle Sheep Goat	Extensive damage to liver
16	Measly beef	Tapeworm Tenia saginata	Cattle and  Buffalo	The larval bladder worm stage occurs in the muscles causes a condition called “Measly beef
17	Coccidiosis	Protozoan Emiria bovis	Cattle	Blood diarrhoea and emaciation
18	Babesiosis	Protozoan:  Babesia bovis	Cattle	Fever, diarrhoea, Anaemia and haemoglobinuria

1) Which of the following is not a characteristic symptom of Foot and Mouth disease?

a) An eruption of vesicles over the lips

b) Fever

c) Increase in appetite

d) Lameness

Ans : c 

2)Which of the following diseases can spread to humans while milking?

a) Foot and Mouth disease

b) Small Pox

c) Ranikhet

d) Cowpox

Ans : d 

3)Which of the following is the highly contagious viral disease of cattle?

a) Foot and Mouth disease

b) Rinderpest

c) Cowpox

d) Ranikhet

Ans : b 

4)Which of the following is not a viral disease?

a) Salmonellosis

b) Ranikhet disease

c) Laryngotracheitis

d) Fowl Pox

Ans : a [ Salmonellosis is a bacterial disease caused by Salmonella gallinarium]

5)Which of the following is incorrect about Bird Flu?

a) Caused by H5N1

b) Bacterial disease

c) Also known as Avian influenza

d) Attacks poultry birds

Ans : b [ Bird Flu which is also known as Avian influenza is a viral infection caused by H5N1. It often attacks poultry birds and from them to humans. Disease reservoir is migratory birds. The pathogen can be airborne so poultry workers must be extra careful.]

6)Which of the following steps should not be done for the prevention of infectious diseases?

a) Proper disposal of dead infected animals

b) Disinfection of the animal house

c) Freedom of infected animals

d) Vaccination of animals against major diseases

Ans : c 

7)Which of the following virus causes Foot and Mouth disease?

a) Coxsackievirus

b) Cowpox virus

c) Retrovirus

d) Reovirus

Ans : a

8)Which of the following is not a symptom of Rinderpest?

a) Dysentery

b) Fever

c) Congestion

d) Blue urine

Ans : d [Symptoms of Rinderpest include fever, dysentery or constipation with blood laced hard faeces, ocular and nasal discharges, anorexia, leukopenia followed by diarrhoea or loose motions with an offensive odour] 

9)Which of the following organism causes pneumonia?

a) Bacteria

b) Protozoan

c) Fungi

d) Slime mould

Ans: a [ Pneumonia is caused by bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae or Diplococcus pneumoniae. Klebsiella pneumoniae and few other bacteria also cause pneumonia. Antibiotic treatment is helpful.]

10) Which of the following is not a characteristic of pneumonia in animals?

a) Inflammation of lungs

b) Accumulation of mucus in alveoli

c) Fever

d) Easy breathing

Ans : d 

11)Mastitis refers to _________

a) Inflammation of nephrons

b) Inflammation of neurons

c) Inflammation of Udders

d) Inflammation of mast cells

Ans : c [Mastitis is an inflammation of udders that often occurs in dry cows and pre-calving heifers due to infection of bacterium Corynebacterium pyogenes. The antibiotic treatment provides cure.]

12) Which of the following is a highly contagious bacterial disease of cattle?

a) Mastitis

b) Anthrax

c) Pneumonia

d) Typhoid

Ans : b [Anthrax is a highly contagious bacterial disease of cattle, buffalo, horse, sheep, goat, etc. which is caused by rod-shaped bacterium called Bacillus anthracis.]

13)Which of the following is not a symptom of Anthrax?

a) Rapid Breathing

b) Low body temperature

c) Discharge from nostrils

d) Rapid heartbeat

Ans : b [ Symptoms of Anthrax include high fever, rapid breathing, congestion, painful swellings in different body parts, blood mixed foamy discharge from nostrils and later from mouth and anus. The body temperature also becomes high. Rapid heartbeats and breathing are also observed.]

14)Which of the following is not a preventive measure for Anthrax?

a) Vaccination

b) Antiserum injection

c) Dirty pastures

d) Carcasses should be effectively disposed

Ans : c [Explanation: Preventive measures include vaccination and antiserum injection to all, if the disease is noticed in any of the animals of the pasture. Carcasses should be effectively disposed off to prevent dispersal of anthrax spores.]

15)Which of the following microorganism causes a bacterial disease in a poultry farm?

a) Ascaridia galli

b) Mycobacterium avium

c) Eimeria

d) Paramyxovirus

Ans : b [ Mycobacterium avium is a bacterium which causes Tuberculosis. Ascaridia galli, Eimeria and Paramyxovirus Cause Fowl Ascariasis, Coccidiosis and New castle disease respectively.]

16) Which of the following is not a bacterium which causes disease in a poultry farm?

a) Tapeworm

b) Haemophilus gallinarium

c) Salmonella gallinarium

d) Pasteurella avicida

Ans : a [Many species of tapeworm causes Taeniasis. Salmonella gallinarium causes Fowl typhoid or Salmonellosis. Haemophilus gallinarium causes Fowl coryza. Pasteurella avicida causes Fowl cholera.]

17) Which of the following is not an endoparasite?

a) Ticks

b) Tapeworm

c) Liver fluke

d) Roundworm

Ans : a [Endoparasites live inside the body of animals. They also generally feed over animal fluids and semi-digested food in the alimentary canal. For example, Tapeworm, Liver fluke and Roundworm.]

18)Where does liver fluke lives in sheep?

a) Brain

b) Kidney

c) Bile ducts

d) Pancreas

Ans : c 

19)Which of the following is a common roundworm which infects domestic animals?

a) Rhabditis

b) Ascaris

c) Enterobius

d) Ancylostoma

Ans : b [Ascaris is a common roundworm which infects both domestic animals as well as human beings. The disease caused by it is ascariasis. The source of infection is contaminated food.]

20)Coccidiosis is an infection of _______

a) Brain

b) Intestine

c) Eyes

d) Tongue

Ans : b [Coccidiosis is an intestinal infection of animals caused by a group of protozoa called coccidia. The disease occasionally occurs in human beings where it is due to protozoan Isospora hominis or Isospora belli. The infection is asymptomatic, but may sometimes cause watery mucus containing diarrhoea.]

21)Which of the following is not a physiological change that occurs in the body of animals suffering from Coccidiosis?

a) Erosion of intestinal mucosa

b) Intestinal haemorrhage

c) Dysentery

d) Brain stroke

Ans : d [In domesticated animals, coccidiosis is associated with protozoans Eimeria, Isospora and a few others. It causes erosions of the intestinal mucosa, intestinal haemorrhage, diarrhoea and sometimes fatal dysentery. Coccidiosis is highly infective in young poultry birds.]

22)Tick fever is also known as _________

a) Fascioliasis

b) Ascariasis

c) Babesiosis

d) Coccidiosis

Ans : c [Tick fever is also known as Babesiosis. Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of cattle and other domesticated animals. The infectious agent or pathogen is protozoan Babesia, several species of which cause the disease but most common in Babesia bigemina.]

23)Which of the following is not a symptom of Babesiosis?

a) Anaemia

b) Paralysis

c) Jaundice

d) Constipation

Ans : b [Symptoms of Babesiosis include high but irregular fever, enlargement of lymph nodes, haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, constipation followed by diarrhoea. Infected animals are treated with an injection of trypan blue, acaprin or berenil.]

24) Presence of heart-shaped parasites inside erythrocytes is the diagnostic feature of babesiosis.

a) True

b) False

Ans : b [Presence of pear-shaped parasites inside erythrocytes is the diagnostic feature of this disease. Eradication of ticks through external insecticide treatment and sanitation are useful in preventing the disease. Fresh tick attack is further prevented by treating grazing ground with the insecticide.]

25) How does the fresh infection of Ascaris occur in various animals?

a) Contaminated feed

b) Contaminated clothes

c) Contact with infected animals

d) Eating healthy food

Ans : a [Fresh infection of Ascaris occurs due to feed or grass or water contaminated with the faecal matter of infected animals. The infected animal can be treated by giving drugs like piperax, piperazine adipate, wormex, alcopar, chenopodium oil, etc.]